"lem" meaning in Old Irish

See lem in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: /ˈl̠ʲeβ̃/
Etymology: Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₃lemH- (“weak, broken, soft”). Etymology templates: {{etymid|sga|soft}}, {{der|sga|ine-pro|*h₃lemH-|t=weak, broken, soft}} Proto-Indo-European *h₃lemH- (“weak, broken, soft”) Head templates: {{head|sga|adjective|||||||altform=|head=}} lem, {{sga-adj}} lem Inflection templates: {{sga-decl-adj-o-a|gsm=lim}}, {{sga-decl-adj-table|acc_f_sg=lim|acc_m_pl=lemu lema†|acc_m_sg=lem|dat_f_sg=lim|dat_m_sg=lem|dat_n_sg=lem|dat_pl=lemaib|gen_f_sg=lime|gen_m_sg=lim|gen_n_sg=lim|gen_pl=lem|info=o/ā-stem|nom_f_sg=lem|nom_fn_pl=lema|nom_m_pl=lim|nom_m_sg=lem|nom_n_sg=lem|notes=*modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative **modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative † not when substantivized|voc_m_pl=lemu lema†|voc_m_sg=lim* lem**}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], lem [masculine, nominative, singular], lem [feminine, nominative, singular], lem [neuter, nominative, singular], lim [masculine, singular, vocative], lem [masculine, singular, vocative], lem [feminine, singular, vocative], lem [neuter, singular, vocative], lem [accusative, masculine, singular], lim [accusative, feminine, singular], lem [accusative, neuter, singular], lim [genitive, masculine, singular], lime [feminine, genitive, singular], lim [genitive, neuter, singular], lem [dative, masculine, singular], lim [dative, feminine, singular], lem [dative, neuter, singular], lim [masculine, nominative, plural], lema [error-unrecognized-form, feminine, neuter, nominative, singular], lemu [masculine, plural, vocative], lema [masculine, plural, vocative], lema [error-unrecognized-form, feminine, neuter, singular, vocative], lemu [accusative, masculine, plural], lema [accusative, masculine, plural], lema [accusative, error-unrecognized-form, feminine, neuter, singular], lem [error-unrecognized-form, genitive], lem [genitive, masculine], lemaib [dative, error-unrecognized-form], lemaib [dative, masculine]
  1. soft, tender
    Sense id: en-lem-sga-adj-XckO1c52
  2. weak, powerless
    Sense id: en-lem-sga-adj-Mwx0yBkK
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: lemlacht, lemnacht
Etymology number: 2

Noun

IPA: /ˈl̠ʲeβ̃/
Etymology: From Proto-Celtic *limos (compare Welsh llwyf, from a variant *leimos), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁élem (“mountain elm”); compare Latin ulmus. Etymology templates: {{etymid|sga|elm}}, {{inh|sga|cel-pro|*limos}} Proto-Celtic *limos, {{cog|cy|llwyf}} Welsh llwyf, {{inh|sga|ine-pro|*h₁élem|t=mountain elm}} Proto-Indo-European *h₁élem (“mountain elm”), {{cog|la|ulmus}} Latin ulmus Head templates: {{head|sga|noun|||genitive|lim||||||||{{{3}}}||{{{pl2}}}||{{{pl3}}}|altform=|cat2=|g=m|g2=|g3=|head=|sort=}} lem m (genitive lim), {{sga-noun|m|lim}} lem m (genitive lim) Inflection templates: {{sga-decl-o-masc|lim}}, {{sga-decl-noun|acc_du=lem+L|acc_du2=|acc_du3=|acc_pl=lemu+H|acc_pl2=|acc_pl3=|acc_sg=lem+N|acc_sg2=|acc_sg3=|class=o-m|dat_du=lemaib|dat_du2=|dat_du3=|dat_pl=lemaib|dat_pl2=|dat_pl3=|dat_sg=lem+L|dat_sg2=|dat_sg3=|gen_du=lem|gen_du2=|gen_du3=|gen_pl=lem+N|gen_pl2=|gen_pl3=|gen_pl4=|gen_sg=lim+L|gen_sg2=|gen_sg3=|n=|nom_du=lem+L|nom_du2=|nom_du3=|nom_pl=lim+L|nom_pl2=|nom_pl3=|nom_sg=lem|nom_sg2=|nom_sg3=|voc_du=lem+L|voc_du2=|voc_du3=|voc_pl=lemu+H|voc_pl2=|voc_pl3=|voc_sg=lim|voc_sg2=|voc_sg3=}} Forms: lim [genitive], no-table-tags [table-tags], lem [nominative, singular], lem [dual, nominative], lim [nominative, plural], lim [singular, vocative], lem [dual, vocative], lemu [plural, vocative], lem [accusative, singular], lem [accusative, dual], lemu [accusative, plural], lim [genitive, singular], lem [dual, genitive], lem [genitive, plural], lem [dative, singular], lemaib [dative, dual], lemaib [dative, plural]
  1. elm tree Tags: masculine
    Sense id: en-lem-sga-noun-YcVYv~DS Categories (other): Old Irish entries with incorrect language header, Old Irish prepositional pronouns Disambiguation of Old Irish entries with incorrect language header: 2 2 75 21 Disambiguation of Old Irish prepositional pronouns: 2 1 69 27
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Pronoun

IPA: /ˈl̠ʲem/
Etymology templates: {{etymid|sga|with me}} Inflection templates: {{sga-mutation}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], lem [error-unrecognized-form], also llem in h-prothesis environments [error-unrecognized-form], also llem [error-unrecognized-form], leim [alternative], lemm [alternative], lim [alternative], limm [alternative], lium [alternative], liumm [alternative]
  1. first-person singular of la Tags: first-person, form-of, singular Form of: la
    Sense id: en-lem-sga-pron-LvPUmlio
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 3
{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "elm"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymid"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*limos"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *limos",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "llwyf"
      },
      "expansion": "Welsh llwyf",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₁élem",
        "t": "mountain elm"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁élem (“mountain elm”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ulmus"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin ulmus",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *limos (compare Welsh llwyf, from a variant *leimos), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁élem (“mountain elm”); compare Latin ulmus.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "lim",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sga-decl-o-masc",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lim",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lim",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lemu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lemu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lim",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lemaib",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lemaib",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "10": "",
        "11": "",
        "12": "",
        "13": "",
        "14": "{{{3}}}",
        "15": "",
        "16": "{{{pl2}}}",
        "17": "",
        "18": "{{{pl3}}}",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "genitive",
        "6": "lim",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "9": "",
        "altform": "",
        "cat2": "",
        "g": "m",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "lem m (genitive lim)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m",
        "2": "lim"
      },
      "expansion": "lem m (genitive lim)",
      "name": "sga-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lim"
      },
      "name": "sga-decl-o-masc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "acc_du": "lem+L",
        "acc_du2": "",
        "acc_du3": "",
        "acc_pl": "lemu+H",
        "acc_pl2": "",
        "acc_pl3": "",
        "acc_sg": "lem+N",
        "acc_sg2": "",
        "acc_sg3": "",
        "class": "o-m",
        "dat_du": "lemaib",
        "dat_du2": "",
        "dat_du3": "",
        "dat_pl": "lemaib",
        "dat_pl2": "",
        "dat_pl3": "",
        "dat_sg": "lem+L",
        "dat_sg2": "",
        "dat_sg3": "",
        "gen_du": "lem",
        "gen_du2": "",
        "gen_du3": "",
        "gen_pl": "lem+N",
        "gen_pl2": "",
        "gen_pl3": "",
        "gen_pl4": "",
        "gen_sg": "lim+L",
        "gen_sg2": "",
        "gen_sg3": "",
        "n": "",
        "nom_du": "lem+L",
        "nom_du2": "",
        "nom_du3": "",
        "nom_pl": "lim+L",
        "nom_pl2": "",
        "nom_pl3": "",
        "nom_sg": "lem",
        "nom_sg2": "",
        "nom_sg3": "",
        "voc_du": "lem+L",
        "voc_du2": "",
        "voc_du3": "",
        "voc_pl": "lemu+H",
        "voc_pl2": "",
        "voc_pl3": "",
        "voc_sg": "lim",
        "voc_sg2": "",
        "voc_sg3": ""
      },
      "name": "sga-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Irish",
  "lang_code": "sga",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "2 2 75 21",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 1 69 27",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Irish prepositional pronouns",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "elm tree"
      ],
      "id": "en-lem-sga-noun-YcVYv~DS",
      "links": [
        [
          "elm",
          "elm"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈl̠ʲeβ̃/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "lem"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "lemlacht"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "lemnacht"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Irish",
          "lang_code": "ga",
          "word": "leamh"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
          "lang_code": "gd",
          "word": "leamh"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle Irish",
      "lang_code": "mga",
      "word": "lem"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "soft"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymid"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₃lemH-",
        "t": "weak, broken, soft"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₃lemH- (“weak, broken, soft”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₃lemH- (“weak, broken, soft”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sga-decl-adj-o-a",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lim",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lim",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lim",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lime",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lim",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lim",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lim",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lema",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "feminine",
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lemu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lema",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lema",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "feminine",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lemu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lema",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lema",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "feminine",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lemaib",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lemaib",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "adjective",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "altform": "",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "lem",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "lem",
      "name": "sga-adj"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "gsm": "lim"
      },
      "name": "sga-decl-adj-o-a"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "acc_f_sg": "lim",
        "acc_m_pl": "lemu\nlema†",
        "acc_m_sg": "lem",
        "dat_f_sg": "lim",
        "dat_m_sg": "lem",
        "dat_n_sg": "lem",
        "dat_pl": "lemaib",
        "gen_f_sg": "lime",
        "gen_m_sg": "lim",
        "gen_n_sg": "lim",
        "gen_pl": "lem",
        "info": "o/ā-stem",
        "nom_f_sg": "lem",
        "nom_fn_pl": "lema",
        "nom_m_pl": "lim",
        "nom_m_sg": "lem",
        "nom_n_sg": "lem",
        "notes": "*modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative\n**modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative\n† not when substantivized",
        "voc_m_pl": "lemu\nlema†",
        "voc_m_sg": "lim*\nlem**"
      },
      "name": "sga-decl-adj-table"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Irish",
  "lang_code": "sga",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "soft, tender"
      ],
      "id": "en-lem-sga-adj-XckO1c52",
      "links": [
        [
          "soft",
          "soft"
        ],
        [
          "tender",
          "tender"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "weak, powerless"
      ],
      "id": "en-lem-sga-adj-Mwx0yBkK",
      "links": [
        [
          "weak",
          "weak"
        ],
        [
          "powerless",
          "powerless"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈl̠ʲeβ̃/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "lem"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
      "lang_code": "gd",
      "word": "leam"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 3,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "with me"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymid"
    }
  ],
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sga-mutation",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lem",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "also llem in h-prothesis environments",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "also llem",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leim",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lemm",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lim",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "limm",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lium",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "liumm",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "sga-mutation"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Irish",
  "lang_code": "sga",
  "pos": "pron",
  "senses": [
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "la"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "first-person singular of la"
      ],
      "id": "en-lem-sga-pron-LvPUmlio",
      "links": [
        [
          "la",
          "la#Old_Irish"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "form-of",
        "singular"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈl̠ʲem/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "lem"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Old Irish lemmas",
    "Old Irish masculine nouns",
    "Old Irish masculine o-stem nouns",
    "Old Irish non-lemma forms",
    "Old Irish nouns",
    "Old Irish prepositional pronouns",
    "Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
    "Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
    "Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Old Irish terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Pages with 20 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "White Hmong entries with incorrect language header",
    "White Hmong lemmas",
    "White Hmong terms borrowed from Thai",
    "White Hmong terms derived from Thai",
    "White Hmong verbs"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "elm"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymid"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*limos"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *limos",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "llwyf"
      },
      "expansion": "Welsh llwyf",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₁élem",
        "t": "mountain elm"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁élem (“mountain elm”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ulmus"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin ulmus",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *limos (compare Welsh llwyf, from a variant *leimos), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁élem (“mountain elm”); compare Latin ulmus.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "lim",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sga-decl-o-masc",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lim",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lim",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lemu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lemu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lim",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lemaib",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lemaib",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "10": "",
        "11": "",
        "12": "",
        "13": "",
        "14": "{{{3}}}",
        "15": "",
        "16": "{{{pl2}}}",
        "17": "",
        "18": "{{{pl3}}}",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "genitive",
        "6": "lim",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "9": "",
        "altform": "",
        "cat2": "",
        "g": "m",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "lem m (genitive lim)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m",
        "2": "lim"
      },
      "expansion": "lem m (genitive lim)",
      "name": "sga-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lim"
      },
      "name": "sga-decl-o-masc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "acc_du": "lem+L",
        "acc_du2": "",
        "acc_du3": "",
        "acc_pl": "lemu+H",
        "acc_pl2": "",
        "acc_pl3": "",
        "acc_sg": "lem+N",
        "acc_sg2": "",
        "acc_sg3": "",
        "class": "o-m",
        "dat_du": "lemaib",
        "dat_du2": "",
        "dat_du3": "",
        "dat_pl": "lemaib",
        "dat_pl2": "",
        "dat_pl3": "",
        "dat_sg": "lem+L",
        "dat_sg2": "",
        "dat_sg3": "",
        "gen_du": "lem",
        "gen_du2": "",
        "gen_du3": "",
        "gen_pl": "lem+N",
        "gen_pl2": "",
        "gen_pl3": "",
        "gen_pl4": "",
        "gen_sg": "lim+L",
        "gen_sg2": "",
        "gen_sg3": "",
        "n": "",
        "nom_du": "lem+L",
        "nom_du2": "",
        "nom_du3": "",
        "nom_pl": "lim+L",
        "nom_pl2": "",
        "nom_pl3": "",
        "nom_sg": "lem",
        "nom_sg2": "",
        "nom_sg3": "",
        "voc_du": "lem+L",
        "voc_du2": "",
        "voc_du3": "",
        "voc_pl": "lemu+H",
        "voc_pl2": "",
        "voc_pl3": "",
        "voc_sg": "lim",
        "voc_sg2": "",
        "voc_sg3": ""
      },
      "name": "sga-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Irish",
  "lang_code": "sga",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "elm tree"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "elm",
          "elm"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈl̠ʲeβ̃/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "lem"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Old Irish adjectives",
    "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Old Irish lemmas",
    "Old Irish non-lemma forms",
    "Old Irish o/ā-stem adjectives",
    "Old Irish prepositional pronouns",
    "Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Old Irish terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Pages with 20 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "White Hmong entries with incorrect language header",
    "White Hmong lemmas",
    "White Hmong terms borrowed from Thai",
    "White Hmong terms derived from Thai",
    "White Hmong verbs"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "lemlacht"
    },
    {
      "word": "lemnacht"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Irish",
          "lang_code": "ga",
          "word": "leamh"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
          "lang_code": "gd",
          "word": "leamh"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle Irish",
      "lang_code": "mga",
      "word": "lem"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "soft"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymid"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₃lemH-",
        "t": "weak, broken, soft"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₃lemH- (“weak, broken, soft”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₃lemH- (“weak, broken, soft”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sga-decl-adj-o-a",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lim",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lim",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lim",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lime",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lim",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lim",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lim",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lema",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "feminine",
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lemu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lema",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lema",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "feminine",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lemu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lema",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lema",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "feminine",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lemaib",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lemaib",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "adjective",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "altform": "",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "lem",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "lem",
      "name": "sga-adj"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "gsm": "lim"
      },
      "name": "sga-decl-adj-o-a"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "acc_f_sg": "lim",
        "acc_m_pl": "lemu\nlema†",
        "acc_m_sg": "lem",
        "dat_f_sg": "lim",
        "dat_m_sg": "lem",
        "dat_n_sg": "lem",
        "dat_pl": "lemaib",
        "gen_f_sg": "lime",
        "gen_m_sg": "lim",
        "gen_n_sg": "lim",
        "gen_pl": "lem",
        "info": "o/ā-stem",
        "nom_f_sg": "lem",
        "nom_fn_pl": "lema",
        "nom_m_pl": "lim",
        "nom_m_sg": "lem",
        "nom_n_sg": "lem",
        "notes": "*modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative\n**modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative\n† not when substantivized",
        "voc_m_pl": "lemu\nlema†",
        "voc_m_sg": "lim*\nlem**"
      },
      "name": "sga-decl-adj-table"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Irish",
  "lang_code": "sga",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "soft, tender"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "soft",
          "soft"
        ],
        [
          "tender",
          "tender"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "weak, powerless"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "weak",
          "weak"
        ],
        [
          "powerless",
          "powerless"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈl̠ʲeβ̃/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "lem"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Old Irish non-lemma forms",
    "Old Irish prepositional pronouns",
    "Old Irish terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Pages with 20 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "White Hmong entries with incorrect language header",
    "White Hmong lemmas",
    "White Hmong terms borrowed from Thai",
    "White Hmong terms derived from Thai",
    "White Hmong verbs"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
      "lang_code": "gd",
      "word": "leam"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 3,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "with me"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymid"
    }
  ],
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sga-mutation",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lem",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "also llem in h-prothesis environments",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "also llem",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leim",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lemm",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lim",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "limm",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lium",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "liumm",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "sga-mutation"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Irish",
  "lang_code": "sga",
  "pos": "pron",
  "senses": [
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "la"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "first-person singular of la"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "la",
          "la#Old_Irish"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "form-of",
        "singular"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈl̠ʲem/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "lem"
}

Download raw JSONL data for lem meaning in Old Irish (10.8kB)

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'feminine/neuter'",
  "path": [
    "lem"
  ],
  "section": "Old Irish",
  "subsection": "adjective",
  "title": "lem",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/865",
  "msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: lem/Old Irish 'radical' base_tags=set()",
  "path": [
    "lem"
  ],
  "section": "Old Irish",
  "subsection": "pronoun",
  "title": "lem",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'lenition'",
  "path": [
    "lem"
  ],
  "section": "Old Irish",
  "subsection": "pronoun",
  "title": "lem",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'nasalization'",
  "path": [
    "lem"
  ],
  "section": "Old Irish",
  "subsection": "pronoun",
  "title": "lem",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old Irish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-03-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-03-03 using wiktextract (05c257f and 9d9a410). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.